Basic features of indian constitution

 Let us learn some Salient features of indian constitution:

The constitution of india is the supreme authority in india.The constitution of india contains several salient features that distinguish it from the constitution of the other countries. The salient features are mentioned below-

1. Lengthiest written constitution: The constitution of India is the lengthiest written constitution of all the written constitution of the world.. Originally (1949) , it contained a preamble, 395 articles and 8 schedules. Presently, it contains of a preamble, 448 articles and 12 schedules.

2. Federal system with unitary or non-federal features: The indian constitution has been described as federal in form but, unitary in spirit, and 'quasi-federal' by K.C. Where, 'Federation with a centralising tendency' by Ivor jennings.

3. Parliamentary form of government: The indian parliamentary system is based on the British Parliamentary system.The parliamentary system is based on the principal of co-operation and co-ordination between the legislative and executive.

4.Integrated and Independent judicial system:The supreme court stands at the top of the integrated judicial system in the country.Below it ,there are high courts at State level, under a high court there are several lower courts and district courts.

5.Universal adult Franchise: The Indian constitution adopts Univeral adult Franchise as a basic of elections to the Lok sabha and the State legislative assemblies.

6.Fundamental rights: The constitution of India guarantees 6 Fundamental rights to all persons without any discrimination.These are

*Right to Equality (article 14-18)

*Right to Freedom (article 19-22)

*Right against Exploitation (article 23-24)

*Right to Freedom of Religion (article 25-28)

*Cultural and Educational Rights (article 29-30) and

*Right to Constitutional remedies(article 32)

7. Fundamental Duties: The indian constitution didn't provide for the fundamental duties.These were added during the internal emergency (1975-77) by the 42nd constitutional amendment act of 1976.It provides for 11 fundamental Duties such as to respect the constitution, national flag and national anthem, to protect sovereignty, unity and integrity of the country and so on.

8.Single citizenship: The indian constitution is federal in form and therefore it provides for two tier of government, union government and state government .In india, citizens enjoy only a single citizenship ,that is indian citizenship. There is no state Citizenship as it is there in USA.

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