Some important facts about the Indian constitution that you should know

 

1. The Indian constitution is the world's lengthiest written constitution . Presently, It contains a preamble, 448 articles divided into 25 parts and  12 schedules.

2.The constitution of India has borrowed most of it's provisions from the constitution of various other countries as well as the government of India Act of 1935.

*  The structural part of the constitution is derived from the government of India Act of 1935.(Federal structure and division of power between the Centre and States government)
*   The philosophical part of the constitution ( the Fundamental rights and the Directive principles of state policy) derive their inspiration from the American and Irish constitution.
*   The political part of the constitution (that is priciple of cabinet government and the relations between  the Executive and lagislature) is drawn from the British Constitution.
     The other provisions of the constitution have been drawn from the constitution of Canada, Australia, Germany, USSR (Now Russia), France, south Africa, Japan and so on.

3.The constituent assembly took almost 3 years( 2years,11months and 18days to be precise) to complete it's task of drafting the constitution.

4.The constitution of India was adopted  by the constituent assembly on 26 November, 1949 and it came into force on 26 January, 1950.

5.The original copies of the Indian Constitution were written in Hindi and English language.The English version has 117,369 Words.

6. The original version of the constitution was not typed and printed document. Both the versions (English and Hindi) were handwritten by Prem Behari Narain Raizada.

7.Each page of the constitution was uniquely decorated by artists from Shantiniketan including Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Nandalal Bose.

8.The Preamble to  Indian the constitution is based on 'objective Resolution', drafted by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and adopted by the constituent assembly.

9. The Preamble to the constitution declares India a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic ,republic and a welfare State  and secures justice, liberty and equality for all the people .

10.The members of the Constituent Assembly signed the Indian Constitution on 24 January,1950 at the constitution hall.

11.The Citizens of india celebrate constitution day or Samvidhan Divas on 26 November to commemorate the adoption of the constitution of India.

Basic features of indian constitution

 Let us learn some Salient features of indian constitution:

The constitution of india is the supreme authority in india.The constitution of india contains several salient features that distinguish it from the constitution of the other countries. The salient features are mentioned below-

1. Lengthiest written constitution: The constitution of India is the lengthiest written constitution of all the written constitution of the world.. Originally (1949) , it contained a preamble, 395 articles and 8 schedules. Presently, it contains of a preamble, 448 articles and 12 schedules.

2. Federal system with unitary or non-federal features: The indian constitution has been described as federal in form but, unitary in spirit, and 'quasi-federal' by K.C. Where, 'Federation with a centralising tendency' by Ivor jennings.

3. Parliamentary form of government: The indian parliamentary system is based on the British Parliamentary system.The parliamentary system is based on the principal of co-operation and co-ordination between the legislative and executive.

4.Integrated and Independent judicial system:The supreme court stands at the top of the integrated judicial system in the country.Below it ,there are high courts at State level, under a high court there are several lower courts and district courts.

5.Universal adult Franchise: The Indian constitution adopts Univeral adult Franchise as a basic of elections to the Lok sabha and the State legislative assemblies.

6.Fundamental rights: The constitution of India guarantees 6 Fundamental rights to all persons without any discrimination.These are

*Right to Equality (article 14-18)

*Right to Freedom (article 19-22)

*Right against Exploitation (article 23-24)

*Right to Freedom of Religion (article 25-28)

*Cultural and Educational Rights (article 29-30) and

*Right to Constitutional remedies(article 32)

7. Fundamental Duties: The indian constitution didn't provide for the fundamental duties.These were added during the internal emergency (1975-77) by the 42nd constitutional amendment act of 1976.It provides for 11 fundamental Duties such as to respect the constitution, national flag and national anthem, to protect sovereignty, unity and integrity of the country and so on.

8.Single citizenship: The indian constitution is federal in form and therefore it provides for two tier of government, union government and state government .In india, citizens enjoy only a single citizenship ,that is indian citizenship. There is no state Citizenship as it is there in USA.

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